The OEKO-TEX certification process involves testing textiles, leather, and related products for over 300 harmful substances to ensure their safety for human use. The exact list of substances tested depends on the specific certification (e.g., STANDARD 100 or LEATHER STANDARD) and the intended end-use of the product. Below is a general breakdown of the categories of harmful substances evaluated:
1. Regulated and Banned Substances
- Heavy Metals (e.g., lead, cadmium, mercury, chromium (VI), arsenic)
- Toxic to humans and the environment.
- Formaldehyde
- A known irritant and potential carcinogen.
- Chlorinated Phenols
- Often used as preservatives or pesticides; harmful to health.
- Phthalates
- Found in plastics and coatings; linked to endocrine disruption.
- Azo Dyes
- Includes dyes that release carcinogenic aromatic amines.
- Flame Retardants
- Some of which are linked to health risks like cancer or hormone disruption.
- Pesticides
- Residues from the cultivation of natural fibers, such as cotton.
- Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)
- Found in dyes or printing processes, associated with carcinogenicity.
2. Substances Restricted by Law
- REACH-Regulated Chemicals
- Includes substances of very high concern (SVHC) as identified by the European Union.
- California Proposition 65
- Ensures compliance with U.S. safety regulations for listed harmful chemicals.
3. Potentially Hazardous Residues
- Solvents (e.g., volatile organic compounds (VOCs))
- Used in textile manufacturing; can cause respiratory irritation.
- Alkylphenol Ethoxylates (APEOs) and Nonylphenol Ethoxylates (NPEOs)
- Detergents and cleaning agents harmful to aquatic ecosystems.
- Biocides
- Used to prevent mold and bacterial growth in textiles.
4. Allergenic and Sensitizing Substances
- Nickel Release
- A common allergen found in accessories like buttons and zippers.
- Disperse Dyes
- May cause skin allergies or irritation.
5. Safety for Specific Groups
- For baby products, stricter criteria are applied (e.g., no formaldehyde, lower heavy metal limits).
- For direct skin contact items (e.g., underwear), limits for skin absorption are prioritized.
6. Emission Testing
- Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)
- Emissions from synthetic materials that can degrade indoor air quality.
- Odor Testing
- Ensures the absence of harmful fumes or odors that may indicate toxic residues.
7. Compliance with Global Regulations
OEKO-TEX incorporates the strictest global standards, such as:
- EU REACH
- CPSIA (U.S.)
- GB/T (China)
Constant Updates
The list of tested substances is updated annually to reflect:
- New scientific findings.
- Emerging health concerns.
- Changes in global regulatory standards.
By screening for these substances, OEKO-TEX ensures textiles and leather products meet the highest safety standards for consumers while also promoting environmentally and socially responsible manufacturing practices.